حسد

উইকিঅভিধান, মুক্ত অভিধান থেকে

আরবী[সম্পাদনা]

ব্যুৎপত্তি ১[সম্পাদনা]

ح س د‎ (ḥ-s-d)]মূল হতে আগত। Compare হিব্রু חֶסֶד‎ (khésed, “shame”).

ক্রিয়া[সম্পাদনা]

حَسَدَ (ḥasada) I, non-past يَحْسِدُ‎ or يَحْسُدُ‎‎ (yaḥsidu or yaḥsudu)

  1. হিংসা করা, ঈর্ষান্বিত হওয়া
    • Qur'an 4:54
      ‏أَمْ يَحْسُدُونَ النَّاسَ عَلَىٰ مَا آتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِن فَضْلِهِ‎
      ʾam yaḥsudūna n-nāsa ʿalā mā ʾātāhumu l-lahu min faḍlihi
      Or do they envy people for what Allah has graciously furnished them with?
    • Quran 113:05
      ‏وَمِنْ شَرِّ حَاسِدٍ إِذَا حَسَدَ‎‎
      wamin šarri ḥāsidin ʾiḏā ḥasada
      And from the evil of the envious when they envy
  2. (proscribed) to curse with the evil eye through envy
    সমার্থক শব্দ: عَانَ‎ (ʿāna), نَجَأَ‎ (najaʾa)
Conjugation[সম্পাদনা]
Conjugation of
حَسَدَ
(form-I sound, verbal nouns حَسَد or حُسُود or حَسَادَة or حَسِيدَة)
verbal nouns
الْمَصَادِر
حَسَد or حُسُود‎ or حَسَادَة‎ or حَسِيدَة‎

ḥasad or ḥusūd or ḥasāda or ḥasīda
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
ḥāsid
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
maḥsūd
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ḥasadtu
ḥasadta
حَسَدَ

ḥasada
ḥasadtumā
ḥasadā
ḥasadnā
ḥasadtum
ḥasadū
f
ḥasadti
ḥasadat
ḥasadatā
ḥasadtunna
ḥasadna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʾaḥsidu or ʾaḥsudu
taḥsidu or taḥsudu
yaḥsidu or yaḥsudu
taḥsidāni or taḥsudāni
yaḥsidāni or yaḥsudāni
naḥsidu or naḥsudu
taḥsidūna or taḥsudūna
yaḥsidūna or yaḥsudūna
f
taḥsidīna or taḥsudīna
taḥsidu or taḥsudu
taḥsidāni or taḥsudāni
taḥsidna or taḥsudna
yaḥsidna or yaḥsudna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʾaḥsida or ʾaḥsuda
taḥsida or taḥsuda
yaḥsida or yaḥsuda
taḥsidā or taḥsudā
yaḥsidā or yaḥsudā
naḥsida or naḥsuda
taḥsidū or taḥsudū
yaḥsidū or yaḥsudū
f
taḥsidī or taḥsudī
taḥsida or taḥsuda
taḥsidā or taḥsudā
taḥsidna or taḥsudna
yaḥsidna or yaḥsudna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʾaḥsid or ʾaḥsud
taḥsid or taḥsud
yaḥsid or yaḥsud
taḥsidā or taḥsudā
yaḥsidā or yaḥsudā
naḥsid or naḥsud
taḥsidū or taḥsudū
yaḥsidū or yaḥsudū
f
taḥsidī or taḥsudī
taḥsid or taḥsud
taḥsidā or taḥsudā
taḥsidna or taḥsudna
yaḥsidna or yaḥsudna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
iḥsid or uḥsud
iḥsidā or uḥsudā
iḥsidū or uḥsudū
f
iḥsidī or uḥsudī
iḥsidna or uḥsudna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ḥusidtu
ḥusidta
حُسِدَ

ḥusida
ḥusidtumā
ḥusidā
ḥusidnā
ḥusidtum
ḥusidū
f
ḥusidti
ḥusidat
ḥusidatā
ḥusidtunna
ḥusidna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʾuḥsadu
tuḥsadu
yuḥsadu
tuḥsadāni
yuḥsadāni
nuḥsadu
tuḥsadūna
yuḥsadūna
f
tuḥsadīna
tuḥsadu
tuḥsadāni
tuḥsadna
yuḥsadna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʾuḥsada
tuḥsada
yuḥsada
tuḥsadā
yuḥsadā
nuḥsada
tuḥsadū
yuḥsadū
f
tuḥsadī
tuḥsada
tuḥsadā
tuḥsadna
yuḥsadna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʾuḥsad
tuḥsad
yuḥsad
tuḥsadā
yuḥsadā
nuḥsad
tuḥsadū
yuḥsadū
f
tuḥsadī
tuḥsad
tuḥsadā
tuḥsadna
yuḥsadna

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Arguments[সম্পাদনা]

Arguments are as follows (only the first numbered argument is mandatory):

  • |1=: Mandatory. Conjugation type, usually just e.g. I or IV; see below.
  • |2= through |6=: Radicals and (for form I) past and non-past vowels; see below. Radicals are normally omitted, and will be inferred from the headword. Past and non-past vowels are used only in form I.
  • |I=, |II=, |III=, |IV=: Alternative way of specifying radicals using named rather than numbered arguments. Radicals normally do not need to be given, and will be inferred from the headword.
  • |vn=: Specify the verbal noun(s). Separate multiple verbal nouns by commas or by the Arabic comma (، (,)). Verbal nouns are required for form I, but need not be specified for other forms except in the rare cases where such a verb has an irregular verbal noun.
  • |passive=: If impers, verb has impersonal passive (only 3rd singular masculine parts); if only, verb has only passive parts, no active; if only-impers, verb has only impersonal passive parts (only 3rd singular masculine passive parts, no others and no active parts); otherwise, if should be yes, y, true or 1 (verb has a passive) or no, n, false or 0 (verb has no possive). If omitted, default is normally yes, but default is no for forms VII, IX, XI - XV, IIq - IVq, and form I with past vowel u (except for hollow verbs), and default is impersonal passive for form VI.
  • |intrans=: Rarely needs to be specified. Should be yes, y, true or 1 (verb is intransitive) or no, n, false or 0 (verb is transitive). If omitted, default comes from the value of |passive=: If |passive=no, |passive=impers or |passive=only-impers then intransitive, otherwise transitive.
  • |variant=: Only used with the verb حَيَّ‎ (ḥayya) or حَيِيَ‎ (ḥayiya) "to live". Value is short (produces حَيَّ‎ (ḥayya)), long (produces حَيِيَ‎ (ḥayiya)), both (produces both forms).
  • |noimp=: Suppresses imperatives with 1.

The meaning of arguments |2= through |6= depends on the form.

Form I[সম্পাদনা]

  • |2=: past (aka perfect) vowel (a, i or u).
  • |3=: non-past (aka imperfect) vowel (a, i or u).
  • |4= or |I=: First radical.
  • |5= or |II=: Second radical.
  • |6= or |III=: Third radical.

Past and non-past vowels should normally be included, although they have sensible defaults that work in many cases, especially with final-weak verbs (see below). Radicals are usually omitted and will be inferred from the headword and (in some cases) the past/non-past vowels. In a very few cases, radicals must be included (in particular, with form I hollow verbs with a non-past vowel of a), and an error will be thrown if they are omitted.

Multiple past and/or non-past vowels can be given, separated by commas. This is useful when a verb has alternative conjugations involving different vowels. See the example below of فَرَدَ‎ (farada) or فَرُدَ‎ (faruda) "to be single". (Not all alternative conjugations can be specified this way; an example would be a verb that takes either the past/non-past vowels a/u or i/a. There would in any case be no clear way of indicating such an alternation in a single conjugation table. The solution is to include more than one conjugation table.)

Other triliteral augmented forms (form II through XV)[সম্পাদনা]

  • |2= or |I=: First radical.
  • |3= or |II=: Second radical.
  • |4= or |III=: Third radical.

Radicals can be omitted in all cases. In some cases there is an ambiguity in choice of radical (e.g. in hollow and final-weak verbs, and some form VIII sound verbs), but in these cases all choices produce identical conjugations.

Quadriliteral forms (form Iq, IIq, IIIq or IVq)[সম্পাদনা]

  • |2= or |I=: First radical.
  • |3= or |II=: Second radical.
  • |4= or |III=: Third radical.
  • |5= or |IV=: Fourth radical.

Radicals can be omitted in all cases, as above.

ব্যুৎপত্তি ২[সম্পাদনা]

বিশেষ্য[সম্পাদনা]

حَسَد (ḥasad)

  1. حَسَدَ এর ক্রিয়াবিশেষ্য
  2. হিংসা
  3. বদনজর
    সমার্থক শব্দ: عَيْن‎ (ʿayn)
Usage notes[সম্পাদনা]

It is common to use the word similarly to the English envy, that is, without supernatural connotations. In religious and folklore-related contexts, however, the word is almost exclusively used to denote hateful and malicious thoughts and feelings that purportedly curse the envied with العَيْن‎ (al-ʿayn, “the [evil] eye”) and cause them myriad afflictions. As such, it is often idiomatically combined with حِقْد‎ (ḥiqd, “ill will, malice”) for their consonance and like semantic fields since حِقْد‎ (ḥiqd) particularly highlights the hidden and dissimulated nature of the hatred and loathing of the referent. Other commonly collocated words include غِلّ‎ (ḡill, “concealed animosity and hate often with hidden injurious intent, spite, malice”), غَيْظ‎ (ḡayẓ, “hateful or envious fury, bitterness, rage, resentment”), بَغْضَاء‎ (baḡḍāʾ, “burning hatred, loathing, aversion, rancor, detestation, malevolence, hostility, antagonism”), and ضَغِينَة‎ (ḍaḡīna, “dissembled extreme hate and malice, venom”).

Declension[সম্পাদনা]
Declension of noun حَسْد (ḥasd)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal حَسْد
ḥasd 		الْحَسْد‎
al-ḥasd 		حَسْد
ḥasd
Nominative حَسْدٌ
ḥasdun 		الْحَسْدُ‎
al-ḥasdu 		حَسْدُ
ḥasdu
Accusative حَسْدًا‎
ḥasdan 		الْحَسْدَ‎
al-ḥasda 		حَسْدَ
ḥasda
Genitive حَسْدٍ
ḥasdin 		الْحَسْدِ‎
al-ḥasdi 		حَسْدِ
ḥasdi
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