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টেমপ্লেট:fr-IPA/নথি

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This template uses Module:fr-pron to generate the IPA pronunciation of French words or text. If no parameter is provided, it will use the page title. Normally the text should be the standard written form of the text.

Many tricky cases are handled correctly.

Text Result Comments
intransitives আধ্বব(চাবি): /ɛ̃.tʁɑ̃.zi.tiv/
château আধ্বব(চাবি): /ʃa.to/ ~ /ʃɑ.to/
accueil আধ্বব(চাবি): /a.kœj/
plomb আধ্বব(চাবি): /plɔ̃/
prudemment আধ্বব(চাবি): /pʁy.da.mɑ̃/
mangeait আধ্বব(চাবি): /mɑ̃.ʒɛ/
baignoire আধ্বব(চাবি): /bɛ.ɲwaʁ/ ~ /be.ɲwaʁ/
étudiions আধ্বব(চাবি): /e.ty.di.jɔ̃/
joindre আধ্বব(চাবি): /ʒwɛ̃dʁ/
shopping আধ্বব(চাবি): /ʃɔ.piŋ/
tînmes আধ্বব(চাবি): /tɛ̃m/
Cameroun আধ্বব(চাবি): /kam.ʁun/ -oun is not a nasal vowel
prier আধ্বব(চাবি): /pʁi.je/ i before a vowel after Cl and Cr is /ij/ not /j/
truelle আধ্বব(চাবি): /tʁy.ɛl/ u before a vowel after Cl and Cr is /y/ not /ɥ/
bruit আধ্বব(চাবি): /bʁɥi/ but ui is always /ɥi/
troua আধ্বব(চাবি): /tʁu.a/ ou before a vowel after Cl and Cr is /u/ not /w/
trois আধ্বব(চাবি): /tʁwa/ but oi is always /wa/
dresser আধ্বব(চাবি): /dʁɛ.se/ ~ /dʁe.se/ e before ss is usually /ɛ/
essaim আধ্বব(চাবি): /e.sɛ̃/ but initial e before ss is /e/
ressemelez আধ্বব(চাবি): /ʁə.sə.m(ə).le/ and initial ress- is /rəs/
vous ressemelez আধ্বব(চাবি): /vu ʁ(ə).sə.m(ə).le/ note the schwa handling in this and the previous example
aimerons আধ্বব(চাবি): /ɛm.ʁɔ̃/
aimerions আধ্বব(চাবি): /ɛ.mə.ʁjɔ̃/ ~ /e.mə.ʁjɔ̃/ note the schwa handling in this and the previous example
ouest আধ্বব(চাবি): /wɛst/ final -st is pronounced by default
il est আধ্বব(চাবি): /il ɛ/ but est, es and et are special-cased

But in some cases it is necessary to use respelling to indicate the correct pronunciation. Example:

Text Result Respelling Result Comments
hiver আধ্বব(চাবি): /i.ve/ hiverre আধ্বব(চাবি): /i.vɛʁ/ -r in final -er not pronounced by default
fils আধ্বব(চাবি): /fil/ fisse আধ্বব(চাবি): /fis/ another possibility is fiç
soixante আধ্বব(চাবি): /swak.sɑ̃t/ soissante আধ্বব(চাবি): /swa.sɑ̃t/ another possibility is soiçante
août আধ্বব(চাবি): /a.u/ oute আধ্বব(চাবি): /ut/
mille আধ্বব(চাবি): /mij/ mile আধ্বব(চাবি): /mil/ -ill after a consonant is pronounced by default like fille
caoutchouc আধ্বব(চাবি): /ka.ut.ʃuk/ caoutchou আধ্বব(চাবি): /ka.ut.ʃu/ final -c after a vowel is pronounced by default
suspect আধ্বব(চাবি): /sys.pɛkt/ suspet আধ্বব(চাবি): /sys.pɛ/ final -ct after a vowel is pronounced by default
chaos আধ্বব(চাবি): /ʃa.o/ caos আধ্বব(চাবি): /ka.o/
donc আধ্বব(চাবি): /dɔ̃/ donque আধ্বব(চাবি): /dɔ̃k/ final -c in -nc is not pronounced by default
parfum আধ্বব(চাবি): /paʁ.fɔm/ parfun আধ্বব(চাবি): /paʁ.fœ̃/ final -um pronounced by default like maximum
shampooing আধ্বব(চাবি): /ʃɑ̃.pɔ.wɛ̃/ shampoing আধ্বব(চাবি): /ʃɑ̃.pwɛ̃/
œufs আধ্বব(চাবি): /œf/ œux আধ্বব(চাবি): /ø/
Vientiane আধ্বব(চাবি): /vjɑ̃.tjan/ Viaintiane আধ্বব(চাবি): /vjɛ̃.tjan/
cowboy আধ্বব(চাবি): /kɔw.bwaj/ cauboille আধ্বব(চাবি): /ko.bɔj/ English loanwords usually require respelling
boycotter আধ্বব(চাবি): /bwaj.kɔ.te/ boillcotter আধ্বব(চাবি): /bɔj.kɔ.te/ note that -ill- can be used even before a consonant

Use |pos=v to indicate that a word is a verb. This currently only affects final -ai, -ent, and -tions.

Text Result without pos=v Result with pos=v Comments
aimerai আধ্বব(চাবি): /ɛm.ʁɛ/ আধ্বব(চাবি): /ɛm.ʁe/
aiment আধ্বব(চাবি): /ɛ.mɑ̃/ ~ /e.mɑ̃/ আধ্বব(চাবি): /ɛm/
portions আধ্বব(চাবি): /pɔʁ.sjɔ̃/ আধ্বব(চাবি): /pɔʁ.tjɔ̃/

Use the symbols ŏ, , ă to force the "lax" sounds /ɔ/ /œ/ /a/ in certain circumstances where the "tense" variants /o/ /ø/ /ɑ/ would otherwise be used (see below). These are the opposite of the standard symbols ô, , â, which force the "tense" variants.

Text Result Respelling Result Comments
sosie আধ্বব(চাবি): /so.zi/ sŏsie আধ্বব(চাবি): /sɔ.zi/ o is /o/ before /z/
putter (respelled "peuter") আধ্বব(চাবি): /pø.te/ peŭter আধ্বব(চাবি): /pœ.te/ eu is /ø/ word-initially and before /t/
aimas আধ্বব(চাবি): /ɛ.ma/ ~ /ɛ.mɑ/ ~ /e.ma/ ~ /e.mɑ/ aimăs আধ্বব(চাবি): /ɛ.ma/ ~ /e.ma/ a is /ɑ/ before final written s, z

Schwas of various sorts:

  • Use ə (a schwa symbol) to force a normal schwa where e would otherwise be interpreted differently (e.g. in -ess-; but note that ress- /rəs/ is special-cased). This may be indicated as mandatory, optional or deleted depending on context, exactly like any other schwa.
  • Use (ə) (a schwa in parens) to force an optional schwa.
  • Use ĕ to force an always-pronounced schwa.
  • Use ė to force a never-pronounced schwa.
Text Result Respelling Result Comments
dessous আধ্বব(চাবি): /de.su/ dəssous আধ্বব(চাবি): /də.su/ another possibility is the respelling deçous
sens dessus dessous আধ্বব(চাবি): /sɑ̃ de.sy de.su/ sens dəssus dəssous আধ্বব(চাবি): /sɑ̃ d(ə).sy d(ə).su/ shown here as optional, just as normal e would
syndrome d'Asperger আধ্বব(চাবি): /sɛ̃.dʁɔm d‿as.pɛʁ.ʒe/ syndrome d'Aspergĕr আধ্বব(চাবি): /sɛ̃.dʁɔm d‿as.pɛʁ.ʒəʁ/ regular ə would also work here

Use an underscore to break up a set of letters that would be interpreted specially and force the letters on either side to be interpreted on their own. Examples:

Text Result Respelling Result Comments
gnou আধ্বব(চাবি): /ɲu/ g_nou আধ্বব(চাবি): /ɡnu/
week-end আধ্বব(চাবি): /wə.ɛ.kɑ̃/ ~ /wə.e.kɑ̃/ wik-e_nde আধ্বব(চাবি): /wi.kɛnd/ use an underscore between vowel and n to force the n to be fully pronounced
sprinter আধ্বব(চাবি): /spʁɛ̃.te/ spri_nter আধ্বব(চাবি): /spʁin.te/ another possibility is the respelling sprineter or sprinėter
amuïr আধ্বব(চাবি): /a.mɥiʁ/ amu_ir আধ্বব(চাবি): /a.my.iʁ/
Washington আধ্বব(চাবি): /wa.ʃɛ̃.tɔ̃/ Washing_tonne আধ্বব(চাবি): /wa.ʃiŋ.tɔn/ -ing after consonant is /iŋ/ if final or followed by an underscore

Use the symbol ‿ to indicate liaison.

Text Result Respelling Result
vous avez আধ্বব(চাবি): /vu a.ve/ vous‿avez আধ্বব(চাবি): /vu.z‿a.ve/
s'en aller আধ্বব(চাবি): /s‿ɑ̃ a.le/ s'en‿aller আধ্বব(চাবি): /s‿ɑ̃.n‿a.le/
bon ami আধ্বব(চাবি): /bɔ̃ a.mi/ bon‿ami আধ্বব(চাবি): /bɔ.n‿a.mi/
pied-à-terre আধ্বব(চাবি): /pje.a.tɛʁ/ pied‿à-terre আধ্বব(চাবি): /pje.t‿a.tɛʁ/
premier étage আধ্বব(চাবি): /pʁə.mje e.taʒ/ premier‿étage আধ্বব(চাবি): /pʁə.mjɛ.ʁ‿e.taʒ/ ~ /pʁə.mje.ʁ‿e.taʒ/
peut-être আধ্বব(চাবি): /pø.ɛtʁ/ peut‿être আধ্বব(চাবি): /pø.t‿ɛtʁ/
neuf ans আধ্বব(চাবি): /nœf ɑ̃/ neuf‿ans আধ্বব(চাবি): /nœ.v‿ɑ̃/
beaux-arts আধ্বব(চাবি): /bo.aʁ/ beaux‿arts আধ্বব(চাবি): /bo.z‿aʁ/
jouent-ils, pos=v আধ্বব(চাবি): /ʒu.il/ jouent‿ils, pos=v আধ্বব(চাবি): /ʒu.t‿il/

Many more examples can be found in Module:fr-pron/testcases.

|1=, |2=, etc. are used to indicate one or more pronunciations, possibly respelled. See examples above for how this respelling works. An omitted parameter defaults to the pagename. You can indicate multiple pronunciations, e.g.

|pos=v indicates that a word in the text is a verb, and controls the handling of certain endings (-ai, -ent, -tions); see examples above.

You can tag any pronunciation with a qualifier using |qual=, |qual2=, etc. and a reference using |n=, |n2=, etc., as with {{IPA}}.

  • b is normally /b/, but:
    • It is silent in final -mb(s).
    • It is /p/ in the sequence bs (obstacle).
  • c is normally /k/, but:
    • It is /s/ before a front vowel, i.e. e, i, y, æ, ə or accented versions of these; also œ (cœliaque), except in the sequence œu (cœur with /k/). To get a hard c before a front vowel, write k or qu; to get a soft c before a back vowel, write ç.
    • ch is /ʃ/.
    • c is silent in final nc(t)(s).
  • ç is always /s/.
  • d is /d/, but:
  • It is silent in final -d and -ds. -ied(s) is /je/ (pied, assieds, etc.).
  • f is always /f/.
  • g is normally /ɡ/ (note, this is a special IPA character, not the normal g character), except:
    • g is /ʒ/ before a front vowel, i.e. e, i, y, æ, ə or accented versions of these; also œ, except in the sequence œu (Argœuves with /ɡ/). To get a hard g before a front vowel, write gu; to get a soft g before a back vowel, write j; to get a pronounced gu before a front vowel, write .
    • gn is /ɲ/. To get /ɡn/, write g_n.
    • ng is /ŋ/ (as in parking, shopping) in the sequence consonant+ing when word-finally, before final s, or before _. Use _ to get ing -> /iŋ/ elsewhere in a word, e.g. respell Washington as Washing_tonne and swinguer as swing_guer. Note that vowel+ing (as in poing) is interpreted by the next rule.
    • Final g(s) is silent, as in rang, long, seing, joug and plurals.
    • g is silent in the sequence ngt, as in vingt.
  • h is normally silent. Note:
    • ch, sh, sch, ssh are /ʃ/, except that initial désh- is /dez/ (déshonorer, déshabitué).
    • ph is /f/.
    • h between vowels prevents conversion of /i/ and /y/ into glides (as in nihilisme, jihad respelled djihade), but does not have a similar effect on /u/ (hence souhaite is rendered as /swɛt/).
    • nh is treated as if spelled n (as in inhérent, anhédonie), except in word-initial enh-, rendered as /ɑ̃/ (as in enhardir, enhaché, enhucher). For words where the h is "mute" and the enh- needs to be rendered as /ɑ̃n/ (enharmonie, enherber), use a respelling beginning with enn-.
    • Word-initial eu- is normally rendered as /ø/, but word-initial h blocks this, hence euro is /ø.ro/ but heureux is /œ.rø/.
  • j is always /ʒ/.
  • k is always /k/.
  • l is /l/, except:
    • ill is /j/ after a vowel (faillir), /ij/ after a consonant fille, and /il/ word-initially illustrer. This applies regardless of what follows, which is useful in respellings (e.g. boycotter can be respelled boillcotter to get /bɔj.kɔ.te/). An exception is the sequence uill following a consonant, which is rendered /ɥij/ (as in juillet, cuillère) rather than expected */yj/. Note that many words having ill after a consonant are pronounced with /il/ rather than /ij/ (mille, village, tranquillité), and will need respelling using il.
    • The sequence oil is /wal/ (poil), unless another l follows (to allow respellings like cauboille /ko.bɔj/ for cowboy).
    • Otherwise, word-final il(s) is /j/ after a vowel (travail, orteil), /il/ otherwise (ils, avril, profil).
    • In the sequence vowel+il+consonant, il is rendered as /j/; this is an alternative way to get /j/ in respellings.
    • Special cases:
      • œil (œil, œillet) is interpreted as if spelled œuil.
      • cueil (accueil) is interpreted as if spelled keuil.
      • gueil (orgueil) is interpreted as if spelled gueuil.
      • oel, oêl (moelle, poêle) are interpreted as if spelled wal.
  • m is /m/, except that it normally indicates nasalization when preceding b, p, or f (tomber, imprimer, symphonie), and also in the word-final sequences om(s), aim(s), eim(s) (faim, Reims, nom). Exceptions and special cases:
    • The sequence oum represents /um/ (schtroumpf), not a nasal vowel.
    • Word-final um(s) represents /ɔm/ (maximum, album).
  • n is normally /n/, but usually indicates nasalization when following a vowel and not preceding a vowel or another n. Exceptions and special cases:
    • The sequence oun represents /un/ (Cameroun, Bouroundi), not a nasal vowel.
    • Word-final ing(s) after a consonant represents /iŋ/ (parking, shopping). See the entry for g above for the precise rules.
    • nh is rendered as /n/ except in word-initial enh-. See the entry for h above for the precise rules.
  • p is /p/, except:
  • q and qu are always /k/. To represent a pronounced u, use ü if pronounced /ɥ/ (as in aquifère, ubiquité), and w if pronounced /w/ (as in adéquat, équanimité, squatter).
  • r is /ʁ/, but is silent in final -er(s), which is rendered /e/ (aimer, volontiers, dîners, papiers). Exception: -er(s) in single-syllable words (cher, vers) is rendered /ɛʁ/. Words with pronounced final -er(s) in multisyllabic words will need respelling with -erre, e.g. travers, tiers.
  • s is normally /s/, but:
    • It is /z/ between vowels and silent word-finally.
    • Words where s between vowels is /s/ (asocial, susurrer) will need respelling with ç, ss or (if before a front vowel) c. (Be careful with respelling using ss, as it may change the interpretation of a preceding e.)
    • Words where final s is pronounced (ours, métis, sens) will need respelling (e.g. ourse/ource/ourss/ourç/etc., métisse, sense).
    • sh, sch, ssh are /ʃ/, except that initial désh- is /dez/ (déshonorer, déshabitué).
    • In initial trans- and intrans- preceding a vowel, s is /z/.
    • The words es and est are rendered as if spelled ès and èt, respectively (i.e. they will be rendered as /ɛ/ except in a liaison context).
    • Except in the word est, final -st is pronounced (ouest, podcast, permafrost).
  • t is normally /t/, but:
  • v is always /v/.
  • w is always /w/.
  • x is normally /ks/, but:
  • z is normally /z/, but:
    • Final z is silent (allez, nez). [FIXME: Should only apply to -ez.] Final -ez is rendered as /e/.
  • a is /a/, except that it is /ɑ/ before final -s and -z.
  • (continue to fill in)