টেমপ্লেট:fr-IPA/নথি

This template uses Module:fr-pron to generate the IPA pronunciation of French words or text. If no parameter is provided, it will use the page title. Normally the text should be the standard written form of the text.

Examples

Many tricky cases are handled correctly.

Text	Result	Comments
intransitives	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /ɛ̃.tʁɑ̃.zi.tiv/
château	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /ʃa.to/ ~ /ʃɑ.to/
accueil	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /a.kœj/
plomb	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /plɔ̃/
prudemment	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /pʁy.da.mɑ̃/
mangeait	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /mɑ̃.ʒɛ/
baignoire	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /bɛ.ɲwaʁ/ ~ /be.ɲwaʁ/
étudiions	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /e.ty.di.jɔ̃/
joindre	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /ʒwɛ̃dʁ/
shopping	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /ʃɔ.piŋ/
tînmes	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /tɛ̃m/
Cameroun	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /kam.ʁun/	-oun is not a nasal vowel
prier	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /pʁi.je/	i before a vowel after Cl and Cr is /ij/ not /j/
truelle	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /tʁy.ɛl/	u before a vowel after Cl and Cr is /y/ not /ɥ/
bruit	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /bʁɥi/	but ui is always /ɥi/
troua	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /tʁu.a/	ou before a vowel after Cl and Cr is /u/ not /w/
trois	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /tʁwa/	but oi is always /wa/
dresser	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /dʁɛ.se/ ~ /dʁe.se/	e before ss is usually /ɛ/
essaim	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /e.sɛ̃/	but initial e before ss is /e/
ressemelez	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /ʁə.sə.m(ə).le/	and initial ress- is /rəs/
vous ressemelez	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /vu ʁ(ə).sə.m(ə).le/	note the schwa handling in this and the previous example
aimerons	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /ɛm.ʁɔ̃/
aimerions	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /ɛ.mə.ʁjɔ̃/ ~ /e.mə.ʁjɔ̃/	note the schwa handling in this and the previous example
ouest	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /wɛst/	final -st is pronounced by default
il est	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /il ɛ/	but est, es and et are special-cased

But in some cases it is necessary to use respelling to indicate the correct pronunciation. Example:

Text	Result	Respelling	Result	Comments
hiver	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /i.ve/	hiverre	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /i.vɛʁ/	-r in final -er not pronounced by default
fils	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /fil/	fisse	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /fis/	another possibility is fiç
soixante	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /swak.sɑ̃t/	soissante	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /swa.sɑ̃t/	another possibility is soiçante
août	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /a.u/	oute	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /ut/
mille	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /mij/	mile	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /mil/	-ill after a consonant is pronounced by default like fille
caoutchouc	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /ka.ut.ʃuk/	caoutchou	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /ka.ut.ʃu/	final -c after a vowel is pronounced by default
suspect	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /sys.pɛkt/	suspet	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /sys.pɛ/	final -ct after a vowel is pronounced by default
chaos	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /ʃa.o/	caos	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /ka.o/
donc	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /dɔ̃/	donque	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /dɔ̃k/	final -c in -nc is not pronounced by default
parfum	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /paʁ.fɔm/	parfun	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /paʁ.fœ̃/	final -um pronounced by default like maximum
shampooing	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /ʃɑ̃.pɔ.wɛ̃/	shampoing	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /ʃɑ̃.pwɛ̃/
œufs	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /œf/	œux	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /ø/
Vientiane	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /vjɑ̃.tjan/	Viaintiane	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /vjɛ̃.tjan/
cowboy	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /kɔw.bwaj/	cauboille	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /ko.bɔj/	English loanwords usually require respelling
boycotter	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /bwaj.kɔ.te/	boillcotter	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /bɔj.kɔ.te/	note that -ill- can be used even before a consonant

Use |pos=v to indicate that a word is a verb. This currently only affects final -ai, -ent, and -tions.

Text	Result without pos=v	Result with pos=v
aimerai	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /ɛm.ʁɛ/	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /ɛm.ʁe/
aiment	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /ɛ.mɑ̃/ ~ /e.mɑ̃/	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /ɛm/
portions	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /pɔʁ.sjɔ̃/	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /pɔʁ.tjɔ̃/

Use the symbols ŏ, eŭ, ă to force the "lax" sounds /ɔ/ /œ/ /a/ in certain circumstances where the "tense" variants /o/ /ø/ /ɑ/ would otherwise be used (see below). These are the opposite of the standard symbols ô, eû, â, which force the "tense" variants.

Text	Result	Respelling	Result	Comments
sosie	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /so.zi/	sŏsie	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /sɔ.zi/	o is /o/ before /z/
putter (respelled "peuter")	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /pø.te/	peŭter	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /pœ.te/	eu is /ø/ word-initially and before /t/
aimas	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /ɛ.ma/ ~ /ɛ.mɑ/ ~ /e.ma/ ~ /e.mɑ/	aimăs	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /ɛ.ma/ ~ /e.ma/	a is /ɑ/ before final written s, z

Schwas of various sorts:

Use ə (a schwa symbol) to force a normal schwa where e would otherwise be interpreted differently (e.g. in -ess-; but note that ress- /rəs/ is special-cased). This may be indicated as mandatory, optional or deleted depending on context, exactly like any other schwa.
Use (ə) (a schwa in parens) to force an optional schwa.
Use ĕ to force an always-pronounced schwa.
Use ė to force a never-pronounced schwa.

Text	Result	Respelling	Result	Comments
dessous	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /de.su/	dəssous	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /də.su/	another possibility is the respelling deçous
sens dessus dessous	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /sɑ̃ de.sy de.su/	sens dəssus dəssous	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /sɑ̃ d(ə).sy d(ə).su/	shown here as optional, just as normal e would
syndrome d'Asperger	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /sɛ̃.dʁɔm d‿as.pɛʁ.ʒe/	syndrome d'Aspergĕr	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /sɛ̃.dʁɔm d‿as.pɛʁ.ʒəʁ/	regular ə would also work here

Use an underscore to break up a set of letters that would be interpreted specially and force the letters on either side to be interpreted on their own. Examples:

Text	Result	Respelling	Result	Comments
gnou	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /ɲu/	g_nou	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /ɡnu/
week-end	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /wə.ɛ.kɑ̃/ ~ /wə.e.kɑ̃/	wik-e_nde	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /wi.kɛnd/	use an underscore between vowel and n to force the n to be fully pronounced
sprinter	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /spʁɛ̃.te/	spri_nter	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /spʁin.te/	another possibility is the respelling sprineter or sprinėter
amuïr	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /a.mɥiʁ/	amu_ir	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /a.my.iʁ/
Washington	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /wa.ʃɛ̃.tɔ̃/	Washing_tonne	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /wa.ʃiŋ.tɔn/	-ing after consonant is /iŋ/ if final or followed by an underscore

Use the symbol ‿ to indicate liaison.

Text	Result	Respelling	Result
vous avez	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /vu a.ve/	vous‿avez	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /vu.z‿a.ve/
s'en aller	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /s‿ɑ̃ a.le/	s'en‿aller	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /s‿ɑ̃.n‿a.le/
bon ami	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /bɔ̃ a.mi/	bon‿ami	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /bɔ.n‿a.mi/
pied-à-terre	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /pje.a.tɛʁ/	pied‿à-terre	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /pje.t‿a.tɛʁ/
premier étage	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /pʁə.mje e.taʒ/	premier‿étage	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /pʁə.mjɛ.ʁ‿e.taʒ/ ~ /pʁə.mje.ʁ‿e.taʒ/
peut-être	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /pø.ɛtʁ/	peut‿être	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /pø.t‿ɛtʁ/
neuf ans	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /nœf ɑ̃/	neuf‿ans	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /nœ.v‿ɑ̃/
beaux-arts	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /bo.aʁ/	beaux‿arts	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /bo.z‿aʁ/
jouent-ils, pos=v	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /ʒu.il/	jouent‿ils, pos=v	আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /ʒu.t‿il/

Many more examples can be found in Module:fr-pron/testcases.

Parameters

|1=, |2=, etc. are used to indicate one or more pronunciations, possibly respelled. See examples above for how this respelling works. An omitted parameter defaults to the pagename. You can indicate multiple pronunciations, e.g.

{{fr-IPA|phrâser|phraser}}: আধ্বব^{(চাবি)}: /fʁa.ze/ ~ /fʁɑ.ze/, /fʁa.ze/

|pos=v indicates that a word in the text is a verb, and controls the handling of certain endings (-ai, -ent, -tions); see examples above.

You can tag any pronunciation with a qualifier using |qual=, |qual2=, etc. and a reference using |n=, |n2=, etc., as with {{IPA}}.

Details

Consonants

b is normally /b/, but:
- It is silent in final -mb(s).
- It is /p/ in the sequence bs (obstacle).
c is normally /k/, but:
- It is /s/ before a front vowel, i.e. e, i, y, æ, ə or accented versions of these; also œ (cœliaque), except in the sequence œu (cœur with /k/). To get a hard c before a front vowel, write k or qu; to get a soft c before a back vowel, write ç.
- ch is /ʃ/.
- c is silent in final nc(t)(s).
ç is always /s/.
d is /d/, but:
It is silent in final -d and -ds. -ied(s) is /je/ (pied, assieds, etc.).
f is always /f/.
g is normally /ɡ/ (note, this is a special IPA character, not the normal g character), except:
- g is /ʒ/ before a front vowel, i.e. e, i, y, æ, ə or accented versions of these; also œ, except in the sequence œu (Argœuves with /ɡ/). To get a hard g before a front vowel, write gu; to get a soft g before a back vowel, write j; to get a pronounced gu before a front vowel, write gü.
- gn is /ɲ/. To get /ɡn/, write g_n.
- ng is /ŋ/ (as in parking, shopping) in the sequence consonant+ing when word-finally, before final s, or before _. Use _ to get ing -> /iŋ/ elsewhere in a word, e.g. respell Washington as Washing_tonne and swinguer as swing_guer. Note that vowel+ing (as in poing) is interpreted by the next rule.
- Final g(s) is silent, as in rang, long, seing, joug and plurals.
- g is silent in the sequence ngt, as in vingt.
h is normally silent. Note:
- ch, sh, sch, ssh are /ʃ/, except that initial désh- is /dez/ (déshonorer, déshabitué).
- ph is /f/.
- h between vowels prevents conversion of /i/ and /y/ into glides (as in nihilisme, jihad respelled djihade), but does not have a similar effect on /u/ (hence souhaite is rendered as /swɛt/).
- nh is treated as if spelled n (as in inhérent, anhédonie), except in word-initial enh-, rendered as /ɑ̃/ (as in enhardir, enhaché, enhucher). For words where the h is "mute" and the enh- needs to be rendered as /ɑ̃n/ (enharmonie, enherber), use a respelling beginning with enn-.
- Word-initial eu- is normally rendered as /ø/, but word-initial h blocks this, hence euro is /ø.ro/ but heureux is /œ.rø/.
j is always /ʒ/.
k is always /k/.
l is /l/, except:
- ill is /j/ after a vowel (faillir), /ij/ after a consonant fille, and /il/ word-initially illustrer. This applies regardless of what follows, which is useful in respellings (e.g. boycotter can be respelled boillcotter to get /bɔj.kɔ.te/). An exception is the sequence uill following a consonant, which is rendered /ɥij/ (as in juillet, cuillère) rather than expected */yj/. Note that many words having ill after a consonant are pronounced with /il/ rather than /ij/ (mille, village, tranquillité), and will need respelling using il.
- The sequence oil is /wal/ (poil), unless another l follows (to allow respellings like cauboille /ko.bɔj/ for cowboy).
- Otherwise, word-final il(s) is /j/ after a vowel (travail, orteil), /il/ otherwise (ils, avril, profil).
- In the sequence vowel+il+consonant, il is rendered as /j/; this is an alternative way to get /j/ in respellings.
- Special cases:
  - œil (œil, œillet) is interpreted as if spelled œuil.
  - cueil (accueil) is interpreted as if spelled keuil.
  - gueil (orgueil) is interpreted as if spelled gueuil.
  - oel, oêl (moelle, poêle) are interpreted as if spelled wal.
m is /m/, except that it normally indicates nasalization when preceding b, p, or f (tomber, imprimer, symphonie), and also in the word-final sequences om(s), aim(s), eim(s) (faim, Reims, nom). Exceptions and special cases:
- The sequence oum represents /um/ (schtroumpf), not a nasal vowel.
- Word-final um(s) represents /ɔm/ (maximum, album).
n is normally /n/, but usually indicates nasalization when following a vowel and not preceding a vowel or another n. Exceptions and special cases:
- The sequence oun represents /un/ (Cameroun, Bouroundi), not a nasal vowel.
- Word-final ing(s) after a consonant represents /iŋ/ (parking, shopping). See the entry for g above for the precise rules.
- nh is rendered as /n/ except in word-initial enh-. See the entry for h above for the precise rules.
p is /p/, except:
- ph is /f/ (philosophe).
- Word-final p(s) is silent (drap, loup, corps).
- The sequence compt is as if spelled cont (compte, comptable, décompter).
q and qu are always /k/. To represent a pronounced u, use ü if pronounced /ɥ/ (as in aquifère, ubiquité), and w if pronounced /w/ (as in adéquat, équanimité, squatter).
r is /ʁ/, but is silent in final -er(s), which is rendered /e/ (aimer, volontiers, dîners, papiers). Exception: -er(s) in single-syllable words (cher, vers) is rendered /ɛʁ/. Words with pronounced final -er(s) in multisyllabic words will need respelling with -erre, e.g. travers, tiers.
s is normally /s/, but:
- It is /z/ between vowels and silent word-finally.
- Words where s between vowels is /s/ (asocial, susurrer) will need respelling with ç, ss or (if before a front vowel) c. (Be careful with respelling using ss, as it may change the interpretation of a preceding e.)
- Words where final s is pronounced (ours, métis, sens) will need respelling (e.g. ourse/ource/ourss/ourç/etc., métisse, sense).
- sh, sch, ssh are /ʃ/, except that initial désh- is /dez/ (déshonorer, déshabitué).
- In initial trans- and intrans- preceding a vowel, s is /z/.
- The words es and est are rendered as if spelled ès and èt, respectively (i.e. they will be rendered as /ɛ/ except in a liaison context).
- Except in the word est, final -st is pronounced (ouest, podcast, permafrost).
t is normally /t/, but:
- Word-final t(s) is silent except in st(s) (ouest, podcasts, permafrost) and ct(s) (correct, compact); but it **is** silent in nct(s) (instinct, succinct). The word est is handled specially; see above for details. Note that final -et(s) is rendered /ɛ/ (effet, filets).
- t in the sequences tion (portion, national, sélection), tien (martien, quotient, patience), tial (partial, initialiser), tiel (présidentiel, substantiellement) is pronounced /s/, except when those sequences come at the beginning of a word (tien, tiens) or directly follow s, x or ç (combustion, questionnaire, admixtion). To force a /t/ in these sequences, insert an underscore after the t, e.g. cation spelled cat_ion, chrétien spelled crét_ien.
- As an exception to the above rule, final -tions is rendered with /t/ not /s/ when |pos=v (portions, collections with final /sjɔ̃/ as plural nouns, but final /tjɔ̃/ as present subjunctive verbs).
v is always /v/.
w is always /w/.
x is normally /ks/, but:
- Word-final x is silent after i and u (prix, paix, chevaux, deux, bijoux). It is pronounced after other letters (inox, latex, Max).
- Word-initial x is /ɡz/ (xénon, xylophone).
- x is also /ɡz/ in the following circumstances: word-initial ex- (exister, examen), word-initial hex- (hexane), word-initial inex- (inexorable), and -ex- after a vowel (coexister, réexaminer).
z is normally /z/, but:
- Final z is silent (allez, nez). [FIXME: Should only apply to -ez.] Final -ez is rendered as /e/.

Vowels

a is /a/, except that it is /ɑ/ before final -s and -z.
(continue to fill in)