نهر

আরবীয়[সম্পাদনা]

ব্যুৎপত্তি[সম্পাদনা]

মূল ن ه ر‎ (n-h-r)]। তুলনা Akkadian 𒀀𒇉 (নরু), Ugaritic 𐎐𐎅𐎗 (nhr), Aramaic נהרא‎ /‎ ܢܲܗܪܵܐ‎ (নাহর), হিব্রু נהר‎ (নহর).

উচ্চারণ[সম্পাদনা]

IPA^(key): /nahr/
IPA^(key): /na.har/
অডিও (ফাইল)

বিশেষ্য[সম্পাদনা]

نَهْر বা نَهَر (nahr বা nahar)

নদী

শব্দরুপ[সম্পাদনা]

Declension of noun نَهْر (nahr)‎; نَهَر (nahar)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	نَهْر‎; نَهَر nahr‎; nahar	النَّهْر‎‎; النَّهَر‎ an-nahr‎; an-nahar	نَهْر‎; نَهَر nahr‎; nahar
Nominative	نَهْرٌ‎; نَهَرٌ nahrun‎; naharun	النَّهْرُ‎‎; النَّهَرُ‎ an-nahru‎; an-naharu	نَهْرُ‎; نَهَرُ nahru‎; naharu
Accusative	نَهْرًا‎‎; نَهَرًا‎ nahran‎; naharan	النَّهْرَ‎‎; النَّهَرَ‎ an-nahra‎; an-nahara	نَهْرَ‎; نَهَرَ nahra‎; nahara
Genitive	نَهْرٍ‎; نَهَرٍ nahrin‎; naharin	النَّهْرِ‎‎; النَّهَرِ‎ an-nahri‎; an-nahari	نَهْرِ‎; نَهَرِ nahri‎; nahari
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	نَهْرَيْن‎‎; نَهَرَيْن‎ nahrayn‎; naharayn	النَّهْرَيْن‎‎; النَّهَرَيْن‎ an-nahrayn‎; an-naharayn	نَهْرَيْ‎‎; نَهَرَيْ‎ nahray‎; naharay
Nominative	نَهْرَانِ‎‎; نَهَرَانِ‎ nahrāni‎; naharāni	النَّهْرَانِ‎‎; النَّهَرَانِ‎ an-nahrāni‎; an-naharāni	نَهْرَا‎‎; نَهَرَا‎ nahrā‎; naharā
Accusative	نَهْرَيْنِ‎‎; نَهَرَيْنِ‎ nahrayni‎; naharayni	النَّهْرَيْنِ‎‎; النَّهَرَيْنِ‎ an-nahrayni‎; an-naharayni	نَهْرَيْ‎‎; نَهَرَيْ‎ nahray‎; naharay
Genitive	نَهْرَيْنِ‎‎; نَهَرَيْنِ‎ nahrayni‎; naharayni	النَّهْرَيْنِ‎‎; النَّهَرَيْنِ‎ an-nahrayni‎; an-naharayni	نَهْرَيْ‎‎; نَهَرَيْ‎ nahray‎; naharay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَنْهَار‎‎; أَنْهُر‎‎; نُهُر‎; نُهْر‎; نُهُور‎ ʾanhār‎; ʾanhur‎; nuhur‎; nuhr‎; nuhūr	الْأَنْهَار‎‎; الْأَنْهُر‎‎; النُّهُر‎‎; النُّهْر‎‎; النُّهُور‎ al-ʾanhār‎; al-ʾanhur‎; an-nuhur‎; an-nuhr‎; an-nuhūr	أَنْهَار‎‎; أَنْهُر‎‎; نُهُر‎; نُهْر‎; نُهُور‎ ʾanhār‎; ʾanhur‎; nuhur‎; nuhr‎; nuhūr
Nominative	أَنْهَارٌ‎‎; أَنْهُرٌ‎‎; نُهُرٌ‎; نُهْرٌ‎; نُهُورٌ‎ ʾanhārun‎; ʾanhurun‎; nuhurun‎; nuhrun‎; nuhūrun	الْأَنْهَارُ‎‎; الْأَنْهُرُ‎‎; النُّهُرُ‎‎; النُّهْرُ‎‎; النُّهُورُ‎ al-ʾanhāru‎; al-ʾanhuru‎; an-nuhuru‎; an-nuhru‎; an-nuhūru	أَنْهَارُ‎‎; أَنْهُرُ‎‎; نُهُرُ‎; نُهْرُ‎; نُهُورُ‎ ʾanhāru‎; ʾanhuru‎; nuhuru‎; nuhru‎; nuhūru
Accusative	أَنْهَارًا‎‎; أَنْهُرًا‎‎; نُهُرًا‎‎; نُهْرًا‎‎; نُهُورًا‎ ʾanhāran‎; ʾanhuran‎; nuhuran‎; nuhran‎; nuhūran	الْأَنْهَارَ‎‎; الْأَنْهُرَ‎‎; النُّهُرَ‎‎; النُّهْرَ‎‎; النُّهُورَ‎ al-ʾanhāra‎; al-ʾanhura‎; an-nuhura‎; an-nuhra‎; an-nuhūra	أَنْهَارَ‎‎; أَنْهُرَ‎‎; نُهُرَ‎; نُهْرَ‎; نُهُورَ‎ ʾanhāra‎; ʾanhura‎; nuhura‎; nuhra‎; nuhūra
Genitive	أَنْهَارٍ‎‎; أَنْهُرٍ‎‎; نُهُرٍ‎; نُهْرٍ‎; نُهُورٍ‎ ʾanhārin‎; ʾanhurin‎; nuhurin‎; nuhrin‎; nuhūrin	الْأَنْهَارِ‎‎; الْأَنْهُرِ‎‎; النُّهُرِ‎‎; النُّهْرِ‎‎; النُّهُورِ‎ al-ʾanhāri‎; al-ʾanhuri‎; an-nuhuri‎; an-nuhri‎; an-nuhūri	أَنْهَارِ‎‎; أَنْهُرِ‎‎; نُهُرِ‎; نُهْرِ‎; نُهُورِ‎ ʾanhāri‎; ʾanhuri‎; nuhuri‎; nuhri‎; nuhūri

Derived terms[সম্পাদনা]

مِنَ النَّهْرِ إلَى الْبَحْرِ‎ (mina n-nahri ʾilā l-baḥri)

ক্রিয়া[সম্পাদনা]

نَهَرَ (nahara) I, non-past يَنْهَرُ‎‎ (yanharu)

সম্মুখে প্রবাহিত হওয়া
to yell at, to reprimand, to rebuff

Conjugation[সম্পাদনা]

Conjugation of

نَهَرَ

(form-I sound, verbal noun نَهْر)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					نَهْر nahr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					نَاهِر‎ nāhir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَنْهُور‎ manhūr
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	نَهَرْتُ‎ nahartu	نَهَرْتَ‎ naharta	نَهَرَ nahara	نَهَرْتُمَا‎ nahartumā	نَهَرَا‎ naharā	نَهَرْنَا‎ naharnā	نَهَرْتُمْ‎ nahartum	نَهَرُوا‎ naharū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	نَهَرْتُ‎ nahartu	نَهَرْتِ‎ naharti	نَهَرَتْ‎ naharat	نَهَرْتُمَا‎ nahartumā	نَهَرَتَا‎ naharatā	نَهَرْنَا‎ naharnā	نَهَرْتُنَّ‎ nahartunna	نَهَرْنَ‎ naharna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَنْهَرُ‎ ʾanharu	تَنْهَرُ‎ tanharu	يَنْهَرُ‎ yanharu	تَنْهَرَانِ‎ tanharāni	يَنْهَرَانِ‎ yanharāni	نَنْهَرُ‎ nanharu	تَنْهَرُونَ‎ tanharūna	يَنْهَرُونَ‎ yanharūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَنْهَرُ‎ ʾanharu	تَنْهَرِينَ‎ tanharīna	تَنْهَرُ‎ tanharu	تَنْهَرَانِ‎ tanharāni	تَنْهَرَانِ‎ tanharāni	نَنْهَرُ‎ nanharu	تَنْهَرْنَ‎ tanharna	يَنْهَرْنَ‎ yanharna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَنْهَرَ‎ ʾanhara	تَنْهَرَ‎ tanhara	يَنْهَرَ‎ yanhara	تَنْهَرَا‎ tanharā	يَنْهَرَا‎ yanharā	نَنْهَرَ‎ nanhara	تَنْهَرُوا‎ tanharū	يَنْهَرُوا‎ yanharū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَنْهَرَ‎ ʾanhara	تَنْهَرِي‎ tanharī	تَنْهَرَ‎ tanhara	تَنْهَرَا‎ tanharā	تَنْهَرَا‎ tanharā	نَنْهَرَ‎ nanhara	تَنْهَرْنَ‎ tanharna	يَنْهَرْنَ‎ yanharna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَنْهَرْ‎ ʾanhar	تَنْهَرْ‎ tanhar	يَنْهَرْ‎ yanhar	تَنْهَرَا‎ tanharā	يَنْهَرَا‎ yanharā	نَنْهَرْ‎ nanhar	تَنْهَرُوا‎ tanharū	يَنْهَرُوا‎ yanharū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَنْهَرْ‎ ʾanhar	تَنْهَرِي‎ tanharī	تَنْهَرْ‎ tanhar	تَنْهَرَا‎ tanharā	تَنْهَرَا‎ tanharā	نَنْهَرْ‎ nanhar	تَنْهَرْنَ‎ tanharna	يَنْهَرْنَ‎ yanharna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِنْهَرْ‎ inhar		اِنْهَرَا‎ inharā			اِنْهَرُوا‎ inharū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اِنْهَرِي‎ inharī		اِنْهَرَا‎ inharā			اِنْهَرْنَ‎ inharna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	نُهِرْتُ‎ nuhirtu	نُهِرْتَ‎ nuhirta	نُهِرَ nuhira	نُهِرْتُمَا‎ nuhirtumā	نُهِرَا‎ nuhirā	نُهِرْنَا‎ nuhirnā	نُهِرْتُمْ‎ nuhirtum	نُهِرُوا‎ nuhirū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	نُهِرْتُ‎ nuhirtu	نُهِرْتِ‎ nuhirti	نُهِرَتْ‎ nuhirat	نُهِرْتُمَا‎ nuhirtumā	نُهِرَتَا‎ nuhiratā	نُهِرْنَا‎ nuhirnā	نُهِرْتُنَّ‎ nuhirtunna	نُهِرْنَ‎ nuhirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُنْهَرُ‎ ʾunharu	تُنْهَرُ‎ tunharu	يُنْهَرُ‎ yunharu	تُنْهَرَانِ‎ tunharāni	يُنْهَرَانِ‎ yunharāni	نُنْهَرُ‎ nunharu	تُنْهَرُونَ‎ tunharūna	يُنْهَرُونَ‎ yunharūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُنْهَرُ‎ ʾunharu	تُنْهَرِينَ‎ tunharīna	تُنْهَرُ‎ tunharu	تُنْهَرَانِ‎ tunharāni	تُنْهَرَانِ‎ tunharāni	نُنْهَرُ‎ nunharu	تُنْهَرْنَ‎ tunharna	يُنْهَرْنَ‎ yunharna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُنْهَرَ‎ ʾunhara	تُنْهَرَ‎ tunhara	يُنْهَرَ‎ yunhara	تُنْهَرَا‎ tunharā	يُنْهَرَا‎ yunharā	نُنْهَرَ‎ nunhara	تُنْهَرُوا‎ tunharū	يُنْهَرُوا‎ yunharū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُنْهَرَ‎ ʾunhara	تُنْهَرِي‎ tunharī	تُنْهَرَ‎ tunhara	تُنْهَرَا‎ tunharā	تُنْهَرَا‎ tunharā	نُنْهَرَ‎ nunhara	تُنْهَرْنَ‎ tunharna	يُنْهَرْنَ‎ yunharna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُنْهَرْ‎ ʾunhar	تُنْهَرْ‎ tunhar	يُنْهَرْ‎ yunhar	تُنْهَرَا‎ tunharā	يُنْهَرَا‎ yunharā	نُنْهَرْ‎ nunhar	تُنْهَرُوا‎ tunharū	يُنْهَرُوا‎ yunharū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُنْهَرْ‎ ʾunhar	تُنْهَرِي‎ tunharī	تُنْهَرْ‎ tunhar	تُنْهَرَا‎ tunharā	تُنْهَرَا‎ tunharā	نُنْهَرْ‎ nunhar	تُنْهَرْنَ‎ tunharna	يُنْهَرْنَ‎ yunharna

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Arguments[সম্পাদনা]

Arguments are as follows (only the first numbered argument is mandatory):

|1=: Mandatory. Conjugation type, usually just e.g. I or IV; see below.
|2= through |6=: Radicals and (for form I) past and non-past vowels; see below. Radicals are normally omitted, and will be inferred from the headword. Past and non-past vowels are used only in form I.
|I=, |II=, |III=, |IV=: Alternative way of specifying radicals using named rather than numbered arguments. Radicals normally do not need to be given, and will be inferred from the headword.
|vn=: Specify the verbal noun(s). Separate multiple verbal nouns by commas or by the Arabic comma (، (,)). Verbal nouns are required for form I, but need not be specified for other forms except in the rare cases where such a verb has an irregular verbal noun.
|passive=: If impers, verb has impersonal passive (only 3rd singular masculine parts); if only, verb has only passive parts, no active; if only-impers, verb has only impersonal passive parts (only 3rd singular masculine passive parts, no others and no active parts); otherwise, if should be yes, y, true or 1 (verb has a passive) or no, n, false or 0 (verb has no possive). If omitted, default is normally yes, but default is no for forms VII, IX, XI - XV, IIq - IVq, and form I with past vowel u (except for hollow verbs), and default is impersonal passive for form VI.
|intrans=: Rarely needs to be specified. Should be yes, y, true or 1 (verb is intransitive) or no, n, false or 0 (verb is transitive). If omitted, default comes from the value of |passive=: If |passive=no, |passive=impers or |passive=only-impers then intransitive, otherwise transitive.
|variant=: Only used with the verb حَيَّ‎ (ḥayya) or حَيِيَ‎ (ḥayiya) "to live". Value is short (produces حَيَّ‎ (ḥayya)), long (produces حَيِيَ‎ (ḥayiya)), both (produces both forms).
|noimp=: Suppresses imperatives with 1.

The meaning of arguments |2= through |6= depends on the form.

Form I[সম্পাদনা]

|2=: past (aka perfect) vowel (a, i or u).
|3=: non-past (aka imperfect) vowel (a, i or u).
|4= or |I=: First radical.
|5= or |II=: Second radical.
|6= or |III=: Third radical.

Past and non-past vowels should normally be included, although they have sensible defaults that work in many cases, especially with final-weak verbs (see below). Radicals are usually omitted and will be inferred from the headword and (in some cases) the past/non-past vowels. In a very few cases, radicals must be included (in particular, with form I hollow verbs with a non-past vowel of a), and an error will be thrown if they are omitted.

Multiple past and/or non-past vowels can be given, separated by commas. This is useful when a verb has alternative conjugations involving different vowels. See the example below of فَرَدَ‎ (farada) or فَرُدَ‎ (faruda) "to be single". (Not all alternative conjugations can be specified this way; an example would be a verb that takes either the past/non-past vowels a/u or i/a. There would in any case be no clear way of indicating such an alternation in a single conjugation table. The solution is to include more than one conjugation table.)

Other triliteral augmented forms (form II through XV)[সম্পাদনা]

|2= or |I=: First radical.
|3= or |II=: Second radical.
|4= or |III=: Third radical.

Radicals can be omitted in all cases. In some cases there is an ambiguity in choice of radical (e.g. in hollow and final-weak verbs, and some form VIII sound verbs), but in these cases all choices produce identical conjugations.